The Adaptive Information Processing (AIP) model explains how unprocessed traumatic memories disrupt normal brain function and contribute to psychological distress, while memory reconsolidation is a biological process that can update and integrate these problematic memories, leading to a reduction in symptoms. The AIP model, a core component of EMDR therapy, suggests that traumatic experiences lead to maladaptively stored memories that trigger distressing thoughts, feelings, and physical sensations when encountered. By
activating the brain’s inherent capacity to process information, techniques like EMDR can facilitate memory reconsolidation, allowing these old memories to be updated with new information and thus become less disruptive.  This model states that, under normal circumstances, memories consolidate into adaptive networks. However, trauma can create “pathogenic” or dysfunctional memories that hinder this process. 

Maladaptive Storage: 
These unprocessed, maladaptive memories, which include the original cognitive, emotional, and somatic components of the traumatic event, remain “stuck”. 
Re-experiencing: 
When a current experience links to an unresolved memory, it triggers the full sensory and emotional components of the past event, leading to dysfunctional reactions in the present. 
Memory Reconsolidation A Biological Process: 
Memory reconsolidation is the biological process by which retrieved memories become temporarily unstable and are updated with new information before being stored again. 
Reducing Prediction Error: 
The brain seeks to reduce uncertainty by updating memories, minimizing future “prediction errors” (mismatches between what was expected and what happened). 

Updating Traumatic Memories: 
When traumatic memories are retrieved during therapy, they enter a labile state, allowing them to be updated and integrated with more adaptive information, thus reducing their emotional charge and disruptive impact. 
Connection to EMDR Therapy
EMDR’s Mechanism: 
EMDR therapy utilizes the AIP model to understand that trauma creates obstacles to information processing in the prefrontal cortex. 
Bilateral Stimulation: 
The bilateral stimulation (e.g., eye movements) in EMDR helps to activate the brain’s processing system, allowing for the re-evaluation and re-consolidation of these pathogenic memories. 
Resolving Symptoms: 
By supporting memory reconsolidation, EMDR therapy helps to transform these dysfunctional memories, resolving the associated symptoms of trauma and leading to a more adaptive and whole perspective.